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Diagnoses & conditions

Hearing Impairment (HI)

Also known as: Deaf, Hearing loss

Written by Tom Bradshaw, Qualified Teacher of the Deaf (QToD, MA Deaf Education, BSL Level 6)

Definition

Hearing impairment in education is reduced hearing that affects access to spoken language and learning. Specialist provision is led by a Qualified Teacher of the Deaf (QToD), a mandatory qualification under DfE policy for teaching deaf pupils. Around 50,000 deaf children attend UK schools (CRIDE 2024 survey).

In context for parents

Key checkpoints

  • Hearing Impairment in education is reduced hearing that affects access to spoken language and learning.
  • Specialist provision led by a Qualified Teacher of the Deaf (QToD), mandatory qualification under DfE policy.
  • CRIDE 2024 survey reports around 50,000 deaf children attend UK schools.
  • NatSIP eligibility framework bands QToD support; Roger / radio aid and acoustic adjustment are typical Section F provisions.
  • BSL Act 2022 recognises BSL as a language; CSW (Communication Support Worker) provision may be specified in Section F where BSL is the family language.

Hearing loss is described by severity (mild, moderate, severe, profound), type (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder), and configuration (high frequency, low frequency, flat). The NatSIP eligibility framework is the tool English LAs use to band QToD support, with banding determined by audiological data and functional impact. NDCS (National Deaf Children's Society) publishes parent-facing guidance that maps closely onto what tribunals will accept as evidence.

In a Reception classroom, a child with a moderate hearing loss in a busy room is hearing less than the parent or teacher believes, because hearing thresholds quoted in a sound-proofed audiology booth do not map onto a classroom with 30 children, a hot ventilation system, and a carpet. The child looks like a typical hearer one-to-one and like a slow processor in group work. By Year 4, vocabulary gaps and the social cost of "I missed that" begin to compound.

What works: a Roger / radio aid pairing the teacher's voice directly to the child's hearing technology, acoustic adjustment of the classroom (soft furnishings, carpet, no humming projectors), explicit lipreading sightline at all times, and a QToD-led programme of language and listening tracking. For pre-lingually deaf children whose family language is British Sign Language, the educational picture is bilingual, and the school must arrange BSL-fluent communication support (usually a Communication Support Worker, CSW) as provision in Section F.

Most deaf children meeting NatSIP banding criteria have an EHCP. Section F should quantify QToD hours, audiology liaison, assistive technology (Roger system, soundfield), BSL/CSW where applicable, and audiological maintenance. The Children and Families Act 2014 (s.20) and the BSL Act 2022 are both relevant.

Related terms

The terms parents most often see alongside Hearing Impairment.

Where parents ask about this

Parents usually find this page after a newborn hearing screen has identified a loss, before a primary-to-secondary transfer where the building's acoustic environment matters, or when the LA has banded QToD support lower than NatSIP indicates. Searches include "QToD hours EHCP", "Roger system funding school", and "BSL CSW Section F". A Beaakon QToD can carry out a functional hearing-in-school assessment, write Section F to NatSIP banding, and advise on whether the school named in Section I is acoustically and pedagogically a realistic placement.

References

The primary legislation, statutory guidance, research, and clinical tools this page draws on.

Hearing Impairment (HI) | Beaakon